Netherlands

In the Netherlands, there is no institutional separation between domestic security and foreign intelligence as the two secret services combine both tasks.

AIVD Headquarters — Zoetermeer

In 2002, a major reorganisation created two Dutch secret services: the AIVD and the MIVD.

The two Dutch Intelligence Agencies are:

the General Intelligence and Security Service (AIVD) and

the Military Intelligence and Security Service (MIVD).

General Intelligence and Security Service — AIVD

The General Intelligence and Security Service (Dutch: Algemene Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdienst, or AIVD) is mainly responsible for domestic security issues, but also has a small branch that gathers intelligence information from and about foreign countries.

The minister of internal affairs is politically responsible for the AIVD’s actions. Oversight is provided by two bodies: The Committee for the Intelligence and Security Services (Dutch: Commissie voor de Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdiensten, CIVD) and the Oversight Committee (Dutch: Commissie van Toezicht op de Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdiensten, CTIVD).

In 2015, AIVD had over 1300 employees and a budget of 213 million euros.

The AIVD has 3 directorates and is led by a management team of 5 people: the 3 directors and the Director-General and the Deputy Director-General.

The Director-General of the AIVD is Lieutenant General (ret.) R.A.C. (Rob) Bertholee.

Military Intelligence and Security Service — MIVD

The Military Intelligence and Security Service (Dutch: Militaire Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdienst, or MIVD) is mainly responsible for military intelligence related to peacekeeping missions and military operations overseas. They also have to provide security for the armed forces.

The Dutch minister of defence is politically responsible for the MIVD. Oversight is provided by two bodies: The Committee for the Intelligence and Security Services (Dutch: Commissie voor de Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdiensten, CIVD) and the Oversight Committee (Dutch: Commissie van Toezicht op de Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdiensten, CTIVD).

In 2015, MIVD had over 800 employees and a budget of approximately 85 million euros.

The Director of the MIVD is Onno Eichelsheim.

Joint SIGINT Cyber Unit — JSCU

The Netherlands has no separate signals intelligence agency, but in 2014, the Joint SIGINT Cyber Unit (JSCU) was created as a joint venture of AIVD and MIVD.

The current [eavesdropping] law restricts bulk or untargeted collection to wireless communications only, so cable access is only allowed for targeted and individualized interception.